Wednesday, December 27, 2023

Digitization and Access

 

Greetings! The most expensive road in the world would happen to skirt the French Island of Reunion (400 miles east of Madagascar). The cost for this road was more than 2 billion USD dollars. A certain word does give a partial explanation and that word is access. Whether it is digital or analogue in nature, the scenario of someone wanting to get from point A to point B will be never ending. It goes without saying that museums would desire the digital roads to their collections to have more traffic than less and digitization is the answer. Access, or a system of access is key. Inevitably, more visitors would mean a greater number of potential stakeholders. The Handbook of Digital Projects has this relevant and corroboratory thought regarding the word access. 

"Preservation in the digital context has little concern for the longevity of optical disks and newer, more fragile storage media. The viability of digital image files depends far more on the life expectancy of the access system -- a chain only as
strong as its weakest component." 

As someone whose available time seems ever shrinking, (I think everyone here can relate to this,) access is once again key. If the access is smooth, timely and attained with ease, time is not so much of a bother. In using digitization, museums throw their doors open to the wide world by making their collections more available and convenient, and it can be available anytime day or night if you have an internet connection. And of course, some museums or institutions present better digitization results than others do. Of course, digitization cannot be characterized as a walk in the park. Quite the opposite.

There are numerous potential snags to the successful launch and continued display of a digital collection. One we could mention in passing is resource allocation, which has a multi-varied collection of potential circumstances susceptible to Murphy's law. (Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.) I have known some paranoid co-workers who have sharply discouraged any mention of Murphy, perchance that he might show up like an IRS agent on payday. In light of the reference below, it might be easy to see how Murphy might cause some to seem slightly superstitious. 

"The essence of traditional preservation management is resource allocation. People, money, and materials must be acquired, organized, and put to work to prevent deterioration or renew the usability of selected groups of materials." 

And yet, many museums have launched successful and engaging digitization efforts that are available and once click away via a web address on the internet. The following are three such institutions as well as my observations as to the viability and professionalism of their digital exhibits. Naturally, these institutions, or the exhibits therein, have been chosen because they are in the realm of the topic of my Capstone project, which would be ancient Egypt as well as other ancient records. 

The Louvre - https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/the-guardian-of-egyptian-art

The Louvre has two floors dedicated to the history of ancient Egypt and it makes sense given that France, due to Napoleon, was first on the scene in archeology and research when it comes to ancient Egypt. The website, or this specific exhibit opens up with a curtain effect that is not choppy or awkward, but smooth and flowing. And they had statues that were particularly of interest to the era I am researching which is from the 12th to 18th dynasty.  I look forward to exploring this section in person at some point, and the digital collection, while lest extensive that I had thought, certainly whetted my appetite.

The MET - https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/egyptian-art

                   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4SMLU0NEQ4   (The MET Egyptian exhibition on YouTube)

I met someone who had never tried basil pesto and I was tempted to be surprised, but I had never heard of the MET museum in NYC before I became a reluctant graduate student. I had no desire to go to NYC at all, but when I saw the digital collection on ancient Egypt at the MET, I was amazed, and I have a reason to visit NYC now. While their collection of artifacts from ancient Egypt are fascinating, their digital collection is quite impressive and inviting also. I could call it elegant and uncluttered.  There are of course many interesting images and there are articles and videos as well. I could definitely say that their ancient Egyptian exhibit is first class and I can't wait to see the physical exhibit in person. 

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Austria

https://www.khm.at/en/visit/collections/egyptian-and-near-eastern-collection/selected-masterpieces/

My reasons for choosing this institution is that besides having a great collection and an impressive digital collection, this museum was likely to have a more on the Hyksos which is part of my capstone topic. The digital collection has many images of statues and other important artifacts. 

Sources

  1. Ross, Parry. (2013). Museums in a digital age. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203716083
  2. https://www.nedcc.org/assets/media/documents/dman.pdf
  3. https://www2.archivists.org/sites/all/files/AAOSv074-Session406.pdf

Friday, September 29, 2023

Timeless ~ Chapter 1

 

Chapter 1

-Is Heaven a Dream?-



This is the story of someone who had a very unusual experience, which she did not often share because it sounded too much like something you might see in a tabloid magazine from a checkout line. After the experience Kim would have long conversations with herself over whether or not the experience had been a dream. There seemed to be good reasons for looking at it either way. Kim had never heard of anything like her experience happening to anyone else. It was always a bright spot in her memory and time would not diminish how vividly she would remember what had happened from the moment the whole adventure started.

As quickly as a twig snaps in a quiet forest, Kim awoke and began to think as clearly as if she had been in a math class working out algebra problems on a white board. She would later remember that it was a bird call along with an unidentified sound or sounds that were the cause though at first she did not give any thought to what they were. She began asking questions about what was going on and quietly commenting on her situation to no one in particular. “What is that aroma?” She realized that even though she had just woken up, her mind was unusually awake and aware.

            “When has this ever happened,” she questioned with a lackluster yawn and a shake of her head.

There was an odd absence of the groggy, befuddled thoughts that usually occurred when she would first wake up. Like most people, the longer Kim was awake after a night’s rest, the more clearly, she thought. But now there was only clarity and a kind of mental focus which she had never experienced.

“Why do I feel so refreshed? And why so soon after waking?”

Almost immediately after waking up, she noticed that something was very different, and even though she would relive the experience many times, it would never get old or seem boring.

“What's this? The bed…feels like...”

She realized that she was in a sleeping position on her side with her knees bent at an angle and her head resting on one folded arm. With her eyes closed, the fingers of her hand that was not under her head felt their way downward from where they rested on her upper leg to what should have been her bed. It was not flat like her bed, or indeed as all beds should be, but it was very comfortable, with the feel of a soft, shag rug spread over what might have been memory foam cushions. If it was not her bed then why didn’t she feel alarmed? “Well, sometimes dreams are like that,” she rationalized to herself.

“But...when was the last time I was rational in a dream? Where are the socks I remember putting on last night? Should I open my eyes now? If I keep them closed then maybe I can fall back asleep again. When I am so awake? Come on! What is this...I must be wearing a thin bathrobe. But why?”

The night before when she had gone to bed, she had changed into some new pajamas with different brands of breakfast cereal printed all over them. In addition to having a sister and two brothers, she had an older cousin named Jack and he had given them to her as a sort of joke. They were not what she would have chosen for herself, but they were comfortable.

“Why aren’t I feeling my cereal pajamas?”

She was still on her side with her knees at a comfortable angle. Kim kept her eyes closed but she felt quite alert. She straightened her legs, rolled on her back and sat up. As she pulled her knees close she smelled a fruit smell, but this realization was cut short by another realization.. Just after she had sat up, it dawned on her that the light had become exceptionally bright. She supposed that someone with very light feet and a bad sense of humor had somehow turned on the light without making any noise and had put it right in front of her face.

“Okay. Whoever you are, you have a dangerous amount of nerve coming into my room and blinding me first thing in the morning...well? Hello! Is anyone there?”

Kim did not want to open her eyes, so with her knees pulled even closer with her left arm, she put her right hand on her left hand and slowly yet anxiously felt up her arm towards her elbow. Whatever she was wearing did not feel like her cereal pajamas. But it must be her cereal pajamas! Whatever explanation was there? Except for her own breathing and some vague sounds that should not come from inside a room, she heard nothing.

“So…why aren’t I hearing anyone in here…if it is my room. Why shouldn't it be? Didn't I go to sleep in my room last night?”

Nobody answered her questions and she felt a little silly even if someone had blinded her first thing in the morning. All this takes time to naarate, but her right hand was slowly inching up her left forearm. Despite what she felt she was wearing, her brain told her to expect to feel her cereal pajamas, but at the elbow she felt something a lot smoother and lighter on her arm. Her simple expectation of normality was shattered and she jolted a little in surprise. Various scenarios suggested themselves to her over-active imagination.

“Have aliens abducted me,” she said in a non-serious tone. “Maybe…this is a bizarre Aprils 1st joke? But…this sort of prank is too complicated for anyone who is not a professional to pull off. Oh, maybe I have amnesia and I am in some sort of mental hospital! How awful! But, how would that have happened? I’m don’t hurt anywhere. And if something had happened to me…an accident perhaps, and if I have amnesia, I could not have remembered it in the first place. But still...nothing hurts, well except perhaps my eyes. Who turned on that light anyways and why aren't they making any noises? I should at least be hearing some kind of muffled snicker.”

Kim had been too distracted to notice a variety of sounds she had not thought to pay any attention to until that moment. Sounds that should not come from inside a room. And as soon as she began thinking about these sounds, she again noticed some very unusual but pleasant and...fruit like aromas. Where was that faint music coming from and why was it so…perfect?

Somewhere nearby she heard the buzzing of bees. And now...was that the same bird call that awoke her? And there! Was that the sound of running, splashing water? Something the size of a large dog brushed by her side and she was sure she could hear loud purring. Was there a cat or a dog next to her? Somewhere nearby she could also hear the melodic warbling of another songbird of some kind. Kim was still in a sitting position with her knees drawn comfortably up. She could feel a breeze playfully sifting through her hair.

“What in the world is going on? I guess I’ll have to open my eyes sooner or later. Where am I anyway? Why should I be feeling so...calm?”

The clothes she was wearing were not her cereal pajamas and she knew she needed to open her eyes. Slowly she shifted to where she was not on what must be a memory foam cushion and assumed a cross-legged position on what felt like a sort of comfortable moss and yet grass at the same time. She felt behind her and there was what felt like a memory foam cousin covered with a shag rug. The light was very bright even with her eyes closed, and even though she opened them quickly, she could not close them quickly enough.

“Oh! Too bright, too bright!”

Kim closed her eyes instantly and for a second or two tried to bear with the pain of allowing too much light into her eyes all at once. Then she was tempted to doubt what she had seen from the split-second image imprinted on the insides of her eyelids when she had had her eyes open.

“This is getting weirder and weirder! How can I have seen two suns? Why ever are there two!”

The light had been too bright and nothing had prepared Kim for the sight of two suns. Had she seen double vision for the split second her eyes had been open? This was all too weird. Kim was used to only seeing one sun in the sky, not two. She put her right hand over her eyes and opened them again. Her hand was able to shut out most of the glaringly bright light. Shielding part of her right hand with her left, she peeped through the lattice her fingers made before closing her eyes once again with that sort of almost overpowering tearful reaction people often have to a very bright light. After she closed her eyes again, she could see big blue dots swapping places inside of her eyelids. Why were there two suns and why were they so much brighter than the sun she remembered?

“Have I slipped into some strange alternate reality? Why don't I remember coming here?”

Kim kept her eyes shut, and yet the intensity of the light was so great that it penetrated her eyelids. She gently pressed her hands on her eyes and could see darkness aside from the blue dots that were still there and shifting around. She took her hands away from her eyes and the light increased, so she kept them shut.

“What is going on? Weirdness! Wait…what is on my nose? Did the light dim again?”

Kim felt something alight on her nose, and the light dimmed slightly. What was on her nose and why wasn’t the light as bright as it had been moments before?

“If some creature is on my nose, why aren’t I going berserk? Why do I feel so...relaxed?”

Kim stood up but kept her eyes closed. As if she was measuring the distance from her face with a balloon, she put her hand above her face to shield her eyes from more surprises of super bright light. To her left was one bright light and she moved her hand until it was blocked out. The creature that had been on her nose alighted off of it and immediately the light from the left was brighter again. Whatever had been on her nose had shielded her eyes from the light. Kim pivoted to the right a step to where one light was behind her and her hand had moved to keep the other light blocked. Upon opening her eyes, the light was still almost painfully bright. But she could bear it this time with one sun to her back and her hand blocking the light of the other sun. Fluttering into view was the largest butterfly Kim had ever seen and it landed on her hand that was not blocking the light.

“Now I know what was on my nose.”

Sure enough, Kim was not in her bedroom and the first thing she was curious about was her clothes. There was also something else...something which at that moment was rather ambiguous, but was a morning routine which, out of habit, she felt needed tending to. But in the corner of her eye, she saw on her shoulder the strange garment, and the ambiguous thought was forgotten. Kim slowly and warily glanced down from her shoulder. She saw that she was wearing some sort of elegant white gown that was comfortable around the middle and reached to her mid calves.

In some ways it reminded her a little of the white coat she had seen her family doctor wear more times than she could count. It came to the elbow and about an inch below the neckline. It was a lot more comfortable than anything she had ever worn and fitted better than any clothes she had. It was not too clingy, nor was it loose. It was very tasteful and did not look either feminine or masculine. She reached towards her hair and felt what she perceived to be a sensible and well-groomed haircut. She continued glancing down at the garment she wore while talking to herself and caressing the super light, silky rich fabric over and over with her fingers. She felt that she could never caress that soft smooth glowing fabric enough.

“Okay, where am I and how did I get here? I must be dreaming! Ah, but when was the last time I thought about my hair in a dream? When was the last time I thought about how anything smelled in a dream?” But…what other explanation is there? Maybe…”

At that moment she heard something that sounded like a cat meowing and she followed the sound to where she spotted a furry, snow-white cat with ocean blue eyes in a tree not far from her. For a moment she felt like her depth perception was off.

“That can’t be a small tree, but...why is that cat so…large?”

She kept looking at the cat, and realized it was a house cat the size of a St. Bernard dog. But oddly, she did not have a feeling of fear as she looked at it. The cat was in a large tree and it's enormous size had made the large tree look smaller than it actually was. She could see that the cat was eating some of the fruit that hung down. It looked like a cherry tree; only the cherries were the size of tennis balls.

Kim looked behind her and saw a sort of cushion like oblong lump where she had been sleeping a minute ago. Then she looked more closely at the soft green grass under her feet. It was not cut short, but seemed to stop growing after about three inches. Kim moved her feet very slightly and the feel of cool grass between her toes as she wriggled them gave her a feeling of carefree joy. Kim glanced up at the branches of the tree some distance away and saw where the cat was curled up. The branches reached far out and Kim could see some of the large, luscious, cherry like fruit that grew on it. Most of the fruit was far out of reach, but there was a branch hanging only a foot or so over her head with two pieces of fruit on it. She was hungry and began to wonder why she did not feel the need to look for a restroom.

“As if I could find a restroom in a place like this,” she commented to herself.

Just then something happened that scared Kim at first. She began to hear a high-pitched musical hum coming in her direction. Into her field of vision came a mosquito that was at least the size of a tangerine. Hardly before Kim could react, it looked like the monster mosquito was going land on her forearm.

“Oh no!”

The mosquito quickly flew right by Kim’s arm and up to the fruit where it landed. She watched it and realized after a few seconds that it was sucking juice from the dark, cherry like fruit.

“It doesn't want my blood!”

The cat looked over to her as it heard her exclamation. The corners of the cat's mouth were slightly stained by the juice of the dark red fruit, and Kim could still hear it purring. It stirred and then stood up. It moved like a pet rather than a predator, and its mouth and teeth did not look like any cat she had seen. All the cats she had seen had the mouth and teeth of a carnivore, and while this cat looked like cats should, it’s teeth and mouth were not shaped like a normal cat’s and while Kim could not describe the mouth and teeth of this cat, she liked it more.

“What kind of place is this? Carnivores eating fruit and giant mosquitoes that don’t like blood?”

The cat leapt off of the large branch that was higher than Kim’s head and approached her, purring as it brushed up against her about ten seconds later. The cat had absorbed Kim's attention and it was bigger than she thought. It came up past her waist, but there was no danger because the cat just wanted a friend. As Kim reached out to pet it's large head, its fur, like her garment was super soft to her touch.

Into her field of vision came another butterfly with a riot of harmonizing colors on its large wings. From wingtip to wingtip, it was wider than a basketball. She did not take her eyes off of the butterfly until it began to flutter around and away as she absentmindedly continued to stroke the white cat's head while it watched her. The scenery the butterfly was passing began to take Kim’s interest and she began to soak in everything that was around her. The large house cat meowed and continued to purr and brush up against her until it had almost nudged her over, but she could hardly notice it now though she unconsciously stroked its beautiful soft fur as she looked in one direction after another. Words like beautiful, lovely, gorgeous and awesome fell so short of describing this place.

Tears slowly filled her eyes like a mist as she stared at the beauty and wonder of the place. How could words ever convey meaning in a place like this? Could heaven possibly be any better? There were so many things to see in every direction. Orderly yet gorgeous flower beds next to gold paths with flowers of every color, elegant bridges, a sparkling sea in the distance, luscious green grass everywhere, stately streams, trees in the distance that were taller than any she had ever seen.

As she looked in one direction after another, she saw that she was almost in the center of what looked like a large sort of garden like park, with multiple-colored roses over jade archways over gold-colored paths, and a rich carpet of green everywhere. Flowers surrounded the gold paths on every side. A number of the trees had blooms similar to cherry blossoms. All the sounds she heard earlier were still ehcoing. The fruit and the flowers were perfuming the air; the perfect, majestic and harmonious singing was still coming from somewhere. The breeze on her face, the beautiful cat next to her, the water splashing in a nearby fountain. She looked up and saw a number of brightly colored birds sail by. Some of them were macaws and looked abnormally large. She looked in several directions and could see that that the center area she was in was elevated.

The center itself must have been the size or area of perhaps four large soccer fields. It was oval in shape and had some very tall trees surrounding a round fountain the size of a large Olympic swimming pool. In the center of the fountain was a multi-jeweled pedestal rising out of the water with the statue of a man in a style of clothing Kim was unfamiliar with. There were holes in the wrists of the large statue, and the water was coming out of the holes in the wrists of whoever the statue represented. Behind her was the tree where she had first spotted the white cat that was now next to her. The tree was very large, but much smaller than the other trees which could have been the height of redwoods, but of different shapes. She could see a shaded area of cushion like moss near the tree where the morning had started not too long ago. She realized that she had been walking here and there without realizing it. That was if this was not a dream.

She was closer to the tree she had woken up under than any other tree. She could hardly see through it and not because of the dense branches and leaves but because there was a very bright light behind it that filtered through it's foliage. It seemed brighter than the two suns. It was hard to see, but she thought that the large and tall tree was concealing perhaps…a city of some sort behind it. What kind of light from a city could be so bright? The bright light continued to sift through the thick tree, and Kim’s eyes began to water again because of how bright the light was. Before she blinded herself, she looked in the other direction and she still had to shade her eyes since either of the two bright suns could blind her if she was not careful.

To her right was the large, emerald green fountain. To her left was a cross between a grand staircase and a forest path that led down into the garden like park. This place reminded her of some majestic, stately rose garden's she had seen on the internet from Europe, but none of the wonderful rose gardens she had seen, some of which were probably a king's ransom to keep up, were worthy to be compared to this place. Only a super-human sense of beauty and elegance could be behind such splendor and good taste.

Each view and each glance could have soaked up an hour of her time, but there were such vistas everywhere. In front of her was a path that led past the fountain on her right and the staircase on her left. The path curved off to the right and Kim suspected that it encircled the fountain. Lining the path on either side and spaced evenly, fruit trees and flowers were arranged according to what seemed like a pattern of colors and shapes, blended in a skillfully aesthetic manner next to the gold paths. They did not obscure scenery below, but seemed to compliment it. She looked at the path, and had to look again. Kim knelt down to look closely at the path. She gasped a few seconds later after she had knelt and touched the path.

“It’s gold! The path is made of gold! Whose country is this anyways?”

The gold was so pure that it almost reflected the sky, and she avoided looking where either of the suns made a reflection. She looked to her right and approached the fountain. The fountain spray created what must have been a perpetual mist and it alighted on Kim face with a freshness and coolness she would not have felt in a dream. The mantle of the emerald green fountain must have been pure gold too. She reached the fountain and looked into the water that was as clear as crystal.

Just then another gorgeous butterfly landed on her hand, and the large white cat curled up on the grass next to the path and near the fountain. As Kim looked into the fountain, she could see on the floor of it that there was a mosaic of jewels and diamonds in the shape of a squarish city with what looked like twelve gates, three on each of it's four sides. The large gorgeous butterfly was still on her right hand, so she reached her left hand down as far as she could into the fountain and cupping her hand, she brought the water to her lips. The butterfly on her other hand was not alarmed and remained where it was. Kim was not prepared for how good the water was.

“It’s so delicious! Where does it come from?”

Kim swallowed a few more handfuls of the wonderful water, and she looked up just as another brightly colored butterfly fluttered by and the butterfly on her hand followed it. She watched them, spellbound as they crisscrossed each other’s trajectory. She expected them to outpace her quickly, but she was surprised that she was able to keep up with them walking rather than running. Their flight was not exactly a waltz, but there was a definite pattern in the way they flew.

As she followed them, she noticed one bench against the fountain. She looked and saw another bench along the side of the path, with flowers surrounding them on every side. If she got sleepy, she could always take a nap on one of them, although the cushioned moss would be more comfortable. She looked away from the bench and the butterflies were outpacing her, so she quickened her pace and was soon not far behind them as they continued their waltz like flight.

After about a minute of following the butterflies, Kim suddenly realized that she was approaching the shade of another gigantic tree near the fountain and she stopped abruptly. Underneath it, leaning against the tree was a person. Kim could easily tell that the person was much taller than she was. He looked like he might be taking a nap. His arms were folded on his broad chest and his legs and clean bare feet were stretched out before him with one on the other. Kim was intrigued and quietly tiptoed closer. From a distance she could see that he was dressed like she was. He had brown hair, a garment similar to hers, and a bright crown on his head with many stars on and in it. Kim supposed that with a crown like that, he must be a king of some sort. Certainly not a president.

His eyes were closed and his face had the most carefree and relaxed expression Kim had ever seen. She did not want to alarm him if he opened his eyes only to see someone gawking at him. So, amid a one-sided dialogue, she quietly began to edge away even though she was very curious about him.

“He could probably tell me where I am. He could tell me what this place is unless…he is also a figment of my dream, if this is a dream at all. Oh! Does he speak English? Who is this person and why is he so…perfect? No wrinkles. No lines. No gray hair…nothing. He looks old, but young too. How can this be? Who is he? Is he the king of this place? He does not look like the statue of the person in the center of the fountain.”

Suddenly he smiled, opened his eyes slowly and turned towards Kim. She caught her breath and she could suddenly feel herself blushing furiously. His bright green eyes expressed kindness and wisdom. He truly looked like a king. Kim had seen plenty of models and super models on magazine covers in bookstores and libraries, but as hard as she tried, she could not bring a single mental image of one to mind. This man, this giant with a perfect face and form had an expression of joy and a demeanor of gentle manners. She was at a loss for words and did not know what to say.

“Well, hello there friend.”



Monday, August 14, 2023

Ancient Egypts 18th Dynasty Object Labels

 

6-2 Final Project Two, Milestone 3: Object Labels 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   HIS-665-Q5514 Museum Collection Management 

Professor Ricker 

Brent Stone 

                                                                   (August 15th, 2023) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

It is rare when there seems to be no apparent bright spot, presaged by duty, that can be sighted anywhere. At this juncture, I feel the urge to make a concerted effort to ferret out any benefits or would be upsides to whatever lies before me. It is unusual when upsides or bright spots are not forthcoming despite my efforts, in which case, elbow grease, academic or otherwise is the answer. This assignment, however, is full of fizz and ginger due to the topic in question. The 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt.  

5 years ago, I would not have given a second thought to the topic of ancient Egypt. Such is certainly not the case now and I have decided to make the 18th dynasty the topic of my virtual exhibit in what is certainly a low-key compliment to the vast and extensive collection the Metropolitan Museum of Art in NYC has of ancient Egyptian artifacts. There will be ten primary objects in this exhibit with lesser ones that would equate to, in culinary terms, entrées. 

There will be ten artifacts (#1-10) with labels and there will be 3 categories. The categories will be personal items, statues and monuments and records and steles. Some rulers such as the last ruler of the 18th dynasty, Horemheb will only get a mention along with their picture and perhaps a tidbit or two. Others such as Ankhesenamun (the wife of Tutankhamun), Hatshepsut and Thutmose III will spend a greater amount of time in the spotlight.  

While elemental at the present, these object labels foreshadow an exhibit that will be aimed at arousing the curiosity of people within every group, age, interest and inclination. There really is so much in the 18th dynasty that, while not common knowledge, is interesting and unanticipated. It would be these unexpected situations and events that my virtual exhibit would capitalize on, whether the carrot is a story format, sequential and interesting facts, or a combination added to the traditional museum scene and seasoned with contemporary innovation and technology. This may not yet seem apparent in these labels, but the intent and planning are in the works. On to the labels of the 18th dynasty! 

Ahmose:  

 

Ahmose was the founder of the 18th dynasty. Unlike Akhenaten, Ahmose is a Pharaoh whom succeeding dynasties smiled upon. On the left there is his statue (entree) and, on the right is his golden armband (entree). The item (#1) of interest (Personal item) is the middle picture, which is a depiction from his battle ax portraying his conquering of (likely) the mysterious Hyksos just prior to reuniting upper and lower Egypt 

Amunhotep I:        Tutmosis I:            Tutmosis II:  

He had no surviving sons      His mummy is still lost      He married his half-sister   Hatshepsut.  

 

Hatshepsut:  

For this ruler we have a double feature, a personal item (#2) and a monument (#3) along with three entrees. The second picture with the sweltering tourist in front of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple, falls under the monument category. Interestingly, the sun happens to set right behind the mortuary complex, directly opposite Karnak temple across from the Nile River. 

The 4th picture is Hatshepsut’s mortuary chest with her cartouche on it. It was discovered (along with many other royal mummies near the Valley of the Kings) not far from her, yet to be identified mummy. The chest, too long sealed, held the risk of breaking in the event of prying. Although the suspicion was that Hatshepsut’s mummy was among the royal mummies found near the valley of the Kings, there was no conclusive proof until part of a missing molar in one of the royal mummys mouth exactly matched part of a molar inside the chest, discovered during a CT scan  

So, the chest is a significant personal item (#2). The first entrée/picture is her statue. The 3rd picture is the top of her obelisk which shows her in male regalia with Amun-Ra (two feathers in the crown, upper and lower Egypt) seated on a throne behind her along with her cartouche. The last picture is a digital reconstruction of Hatshepsut’s mummy. (temple/monument #3) 

Tutmosis III:   This is another double feature, and it involves the Napoleon of ancient Egypt! He is not as well-known as Ramses II. He did have greater military success and there is no record in ancient Egyptian history that he lost a battle, though how and why he died has been a mystery. The first statue does not look like the second statue (#4 statue) from the British museum. On the front of the second statue would be the cartouche of Ramses II, and on the upper rear of the second statue, almost obscured, is the cartouche of Tutmosis III. Royal reappropriation! The second picture is the cartouche of Tutmosis III which is taken from his obelisk in the 4th picture. The fifth picture would be a stele (#5 records) commemorating one of his 17 victories!                               Amenhotep II:           Tutmosis IV:       Amenhotep III  

His brother, Amenemhat,          His mummy is well                   He is regarded as one of the  

1st son of Tutmosis III died       preserved and looks youthful.   more successful Pharaohs of the   

under unknown circumstances                                                  18th dynasty.  

 

Akhenaten:                                                                                       We have here another double feature! It is fair to say that Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) received about the same treatment from succeeding dynasties as Richard III received from the house of Tudor. Both were vilified in every possible way. Akhenaten was known as the heretic Pharaoh for attempting to switch Egypt (or Kemet as it was known at that point) from polytheism to monotheism 

There is some information which hints that his main offense was in trying to thwart the growing power of the priests of Amun. The nobility (or Nomarchs) had, for the most part disappeared at the tail end of the 12th dynasty. Besides the Pharaoh, there were no longer any nobility to compete with the priests for power. Interestingly, Akhenaten’s statues all look alike. The first picture is a statue (#6) of Akhenaten and the second picture displays (#7 records) his cartouche which is much more crowded than the cartouche of a traditional Pharaoh. The third picture/entree is of Akhenaten worshiping Aten. Where Akhenaten got the idea for monotheism is an interesting mystery... 

Neferneferuaten:                      Smenkhkara:     

There is unconfirmed speculation that         Most historians believe that Smenkhara 

this ruler was Nefertiti, Akhenaten’s           was a daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti who 

Queen who ruled for a short time.               also ruled for a short time.  

 

Tutankhamun:  

For this section there cannot be too much said that the public doesn’t already know about. But does the intent of interest and surprise stand a chance without subsequent attempts? The latest information is that Tutankhamun died away from Egypt in battle and, among other significant injuries, there are ribs missing from his right side. And unlike other Pharaoh’s it does not seem as if the embalming process for him was entirely desirable or successful. The first picture is an entrée and the second (#8 personal item) is an exact copy of the chariot found in his tomb. This would fall under the category of a large personal item. The picture was taken in Seoul Korea at the Korean War Memorial Museum on loan from the Berlin Musuem 2021-2022.    

Ankhesenamun:  

Very little if anything is ever said of Ankhesenamun, Tutankhamun’s wife, whether because he overshadows her or because some people believe that they have no chance at pronouncing her name and even less inclination to try. The first picture (#9 statues) taken at Luxor(?) temple would be seated statues of Tutankhamun and Ankheseamun and this would fall under statues and monuments. The second picture of the couple, specifically the Queen would be from the golden throne of Tutankhamun. The next entrée picture would be of a reconstructed vase with the cartouche of both the young King and Queen. The next item (#10 records) would be a communication from Ankhesenamun to the King of the Hittite Empire, who happened to be their rival superpower at that point.  

It is addressed to the Hittite King Suppiluliumas and it is in the Hittite script which explains why there are no ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics on it. In short, Tutankhamun had died, and the communication was received with dubious interest by the King of the Hittites. It was a marriage proposal. Ankhesenamun was desperately trying to remain in power. In the end the Hittite King sent his second son who was ambushed on the way to Egypt to marry Ankhesenamun. She disappears from Egyptian history after this. Ay:                                                                              Horemheb:  

It is speculated that he was a relative of Ankhesenemun.   The last King of the 18th dynasty.